It's Time!

It’s Time....

We, here in the USA are getting ready for the beginning of winter, and the excitement known as “Black Friday”, the beginning of the Christmas holidays and Yuletide. At this time, hunters tip-toe through the woods while shoppers stampede to the malls. Christmas shopping is foremost in everyone’s mind.

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 America’s Christmas traditions differ from those in the “old country”. When temperatures begin to drop, ancient Scandinavian activities centered around preparations for their survival in the up-coming harsh winter. The harvest was completed, food was gathered and stored, and animals were slaughtered to provide meat for the long winter season. It

was time to celebrate. While “Yule” in the USA is centered around a spiritual birthday with gifts to give and receive, the concept of “Jul” in Scandinavia is a period of time rather than a specific event.

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Norway, sitting on the north of Europe, has the longest and darkest winters in Europe. It’s also about the least church-going country in Europe. The Norwegian word for Christmas is actually a pre-Christian Viking drinking festival: Jul. In the 10th century, King Haakon I moved the heathen custom of drinking Jul to December 25th to celebrate the birth of Jesus.

Scandinavians have some interesting traditions rooted in early history relating to their families. Christmastime was associated with ghosts! Each farm had a special ghost named Haugkallen or “ the old man of the mound.” These ancestors had to be honored. If ignored, the next growing season may be disappointing  with sad times in  the family future.

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Juløl  The Christmas beer

Besides the usual stabbour or shed, these farms often included another structure, often known as a brewhouse. This was a special place of activity centered around the making of the “Christmas Beer’, commonly known as Juløl.

Beer and drinking has always been under great scrutiny in Scandinavia. Drinking and driving regulations are highly enforced. While there used to be 10,000 registered distilleries in Norway, soon that amount was only 40. Beer can only be purchased in supermarkets, and that  beer will have an alcohol content under 4.5% . Any other alcohol beverage will be sold only in state-owned liquor stores called “vinnomonpolet” meaning “The wine monopoly.” However, beginning in November, distilleries start production of a special seasonal beverage known as Christmas beer.

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Farmers can also get into the act as they produce their version of the alcoholic favorites.

label  reading 15%!

Farmers are allowed to make their own beer at special occasions. When a new brew is underway, the smoke and rich odors tell everyone in the neighborhood that beer is being made and they happily go to the farmhouse to help, and  sample the finished brew. Helpers collect juniper branches to fill a 700-litre [about 185 gallons] bath-shaped tank in a cabin that acts as both the hot liquor vessel and the brew kettle.

The water source can be a stream tumbling down the hillside outside the cabin where sacks of barley have been submerged to germinate. A nearby neighbor might turn his shed into a kiln, powered by a fan heater, and where barley is turned into malt. In the brewing process, when hot liquor has been added to the malt, the mash is filtered over more juniper branches to filter it. Berries are added to give flavor to the wort - just as they do to gin and other distilled spirits . Juløl, can include 9-10% alcohol...or more!.

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Most beer available in Norway is a light coloured pils, or lager - but that changes in the weeks before Christmas, with many breweries producing special Christmas beers which are darker, heavier and sweeter.

    They are called Juløl or Julebrygg in Norwegian and are designed to compliment the heavy, rich Christmas foods such as  Pinnekjøtt and Ribbe. Pinnekjøt is dried, salted lamb ribs ( a good way to preserve meat in those days) which are soaked in water for several days, then steamed over birch wood. In Norway pinnekjøtt is served on hot plates with coarse sausages, then boiled . Since this dish is rather rich, beer and aquavit are a very suitable accompaniment .


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Akvavit or aquavit is a traditional flavored spirit principally produced in Scandinavia, where it has been produced since the 15th century. Akvavit gets its distinctive flavor from spices and herbs, and the main spice can be caraway or dill. Most of the Norwegian brands are matured in oak casks for at least one year, and for some brands even as long as 12 years.It typically contains 40% alcohol by volume.   Another favorite Jul meal might include ribbe. Ribbe, pork ribs roasted to make the faty surface layer crunchy is a meat easily consumed

with Juløl ( Christmas beer), an amber or brown lager especially brewed for the Christmas season.

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Then, to take the bite of the winter nights, a classic Scandinavian hot spiced wine punch called gløgg would be served. (Flaming brandy is optional). This drink is mixed by pouring wine into a large pot, bringing the mixture to a boil. Oranges, almonds, cloves, raisins and cardamom are added and boiled for fifteen minutes.

This beverage is particularily important to three seasonal religious Scandinavian festivals. The first occurring after harvest, the second near midwinter, and the last at midsummer.

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Beer in Norway has a long history, going back at least 1,000 years. Untill around 200 years ago, no farm was complete without a brewhouse. From the early 20th century, brewing was then industrialized and home brewing outlawed. With the exception of the malty juløl , most beer styles brewed in Norway today trace their ancestry to early central Europe. Today, most people probably don’t have the time to produce their own Juløl and specialist breweries take advantage of the special season and profitably supply the needed beverage. Special brew for special times!

However, driving away after the celebration is not an option. Finland and Sweden automatically sentence drunk drivers for three weeks to one-year jail sentences that include hard-labor. In Norway, a drunk driver is jailed for three weeks including hard labor while loses driving privileges for one year. A repeat offender loses the license for life. ( In Malaya, a man  caught driving drunk, is jailed. If he is married, his wife is jailed as well).

  Glade Jul! Try the gløgg, but easy on the Juløl!





Jobs, Jobs And More Jobs!

Anyone listening to today's TV or radio cannot escape the constant promises of those who have the solutions, as they promise to  create jobs for the needy. Apparently, we in the USA are not alone with the problem of unemployment.

More than 100 young Swedish people from Söderhamn, located about 250 kilometers north of Stockholm, have  left  town to seek their fortunes in Sweden’s neighbor to the west, according to Sveriges Radio (SR)  Most of them have found work immediately! Something which they weren’t  able to do in the Swedish town of about 12,000 residents.

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Oslo street scene

Söderhamn resident Andreas Larsson had been out of work for two years before taking advantage of the program and now works as a truck driver in Oslo, Norway!
”I came here on a Thursday and had a job by Monday morning. It went that fast. It felt almost unreal, like I’d come to the promised land,” he told SR.

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Swedish youth ,who are unable to find work, are being paid to leave the country! They are being offered a month-long preparation course, then  free travel to Oslo, Norway. There, they  receive a month of free accomodation and the aid of a job-finding organization to help them find their new work in Norway, all government sponsored.

Swedish girls work at the bakery.

 Oslo’s location close to the border has made it a popular destination for Swedes, whose presence is especially noticeable in the city’s restaurants and cafes. Many of the available jobs are those unwanted by Norwegian youth, who are reported to be “picky” about their opportunities.

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 A Swedish official of the program stated:
“We’re not sending them away; we’re helping them take a step forward and to have a richer experience, and hope they will return to Sweden in the future.” The Swedish government has failed to achieve its main goal of reducing the number of people who are inactive in the job market. Sweden’s Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt said in a government statement that the overall goal is to create conditions for more jobs. He added that “over one million people are inactive from the job market. Despite strong growth, there is mass unemployment.”

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Swedish doctors have also been leaving their Swedish positions and relocating in Norwegian hospitals. Norway has a great need for specialist physicians and offer the new doctors an attractive schedule of two weeks on-duty followed by four weeks of off-duty at the same pay-rate as the full-time hospital physicians in Norway. When asked how this could be happening, Stein Tronmoen,  the head of a Norwegian hospital stated “ In Europe, there is a free market, and we are a member through the EEA. That’s just the way it is.”
A small Norwegian country hospital has almost only Swedish doctors on its staff. Most have come from the same clinic in Sweden, seeking more attractive employment terms in Norway.

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During political debates in the spring, the government pointed out that Sweden has gone through a deep financial crisis. However, the country has emerged as one of Europe’s strongest economies, thanks to government policies. Reducing  unemployment has been the government’s most important objective.

But, why this migration to Norway?

Norway remains  number one, edging its Scandinavian neighbors atop an annual list of countries ranked according to wealth and well-being. Norway remains the most prosperous country in the world, according to a recent study.
In the 2012 Prosperity Index published by the London-based Legatum Institute, Sweden climbed to third place,up from fifth place in 2011. Norway, meanwhile, maintained its hold on the number one spot, while Denmark came in second. Published annually for the last six years, the Prosperity Index ranks 142 countries based on criteria in eight categories including economic strength, health, education and government. The United States has dropped out of the Prosperity Index top ten for the first time, dropping to twelfth place .

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Even burglars in Norway are busier. Burglaries rose by eight percent in the first six months of this year compared to the same period last year. They are finding  Norwegians have more and more valuables in their homes. Norway’s high standard of living is tempting for organized criminals from Eastern Europe.

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But goods are expensive and prices are high in Norway. In order to save money, Norwegian shoppers are streaming over the border in record numbers to avoid hefty domestic prices by  stocking up on groceries... in Sweden. The price differences between Norway and Sweden on popular goods like alcohol, tobacco products, chocolate, and sweets are at a  very different rate.

A large shopping center, the Nordby Center on the Swedish side of the border, posted record sales results this summer. Located just off the motorway from Oslo, Nordby is always crowded with Norwegians and is much bigger than any shopping center in Norway, as stated in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten .
Over the last four quarters, Norwegians spent a total of 11.7 billion kroner ($2 billion) in Swedish stores, according to Statistics Norway.

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An interesting thought is that Sweden can place their youth in Norway to find a job, and earn a wage. That worker can board a bus to travel over the border, returning to Sweden to shop for cheaper goods. Their kroner earned in Norway is spent in their home country of Sweden.

The Border Crossing between Sweden and Norway

Sounds like a winner for everyone, and an interesting solution to finding a job. 

It's That Time Of The Year!

The leaves are all on the ground. The harvest is in and it's time for celebration. Thanksgiving and Christmas are coming soon. But first, all Scandinavians are thinking Lutefisk, the annual traditional feast of Scandinavian history."

   ARE YOU READY FOR SOME LUTEFISK?

Lutefisk (Norwegian) or Lutfisk (Swedish) or Ludfisk (Danish) is a traditional dish of the Nordic countries Lutefisk, long a holiday food tradition among Scandinavian-Americans, is dried  cod, or  even  haddock or pollock.in the United States. Norwegian-Americans traditionally serve it for Thanksgiving and Christmas, but November is known for numerous fish feasts among people with Scandinavian backgrounds. During the fall in Wisconsin, people watch their local newspapers for announcements of lutefisk suppers, which are usually held in Norwegian churches.

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 Usually every Norwegian church will host at least one lutefisk supper between October and the end of the year. The dinners have become so popular, that lovers of the special dish drive great distances,...and these are not just people of Scandinavian descent! They enjoy the taste, despite all the jokes and the strange reputation of this fish!


 But today, Scandinavians in "The Old Country" rarely eat lutefisk. Far more lutefisk is consumed in the United States, much of it in church and lodge basements. In fact, the self-proclaimed “lutefisk capital of the world” isn’t in Norway, but in Minnesota. Madison, Minnesota  is known as the Lutefisk Capital. To document this standing, the city  has a giant fiberglass cod statue named Lou T. Fisk

St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota serves lutefisk during their famous Christmas Festival Concerts. They also host an annual music festival called "Lutefest", however, lutefisk is not served at this festival.

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Today, lutefisk starts as cod, traditionally caught in the cold waters off Norway. It’s then dried to the point that it attains the feel of leather and the firmness of corrugated cardboard. Water alone can’t reconstitute the fish. After a lenghty period of storage, it is soaked in a combination of birch ash, limestone, and water, a combination we know, today, as lye.In years past, this “soaking time” caused the chemical reaction creating the well-known reputation of “stinky fish!” a reputation that prevails today.

At the dinner table,  melted butter sits in ceramic pitchers for easy pouring, though other dinners feature a mustard or cream sauce. Diners often bring their own special salts and peppers to suit their taste. The fish itself is flaky and a slightly translucent white in color. With the added butter or cream, the dish is relished by happy diners. For the faint of heart, there are meatballs and the ever-present lefse.

A pile of rolled lefse, the Scandinavian potato flatbread similar in appearance to a flour tortilla, sits in the center of the table by the sticks of butter and bowls of brown sugar, which is  lefse’s usual dressing. The rest of the meal is a fairly standard slate of starchy seasonal fare: mashed potatoes with gravy, creamy coleslaw, cranberries, green beans and a big bowl of mashed rutabagas .

Lutefisk was not necessarily a Christmas delicacy, but as the Norwegians became Americanized, they seized on lutefisk as a unique remainder from the old days and incorporated it into their Christmas traditions. 

 Norwegian-Americans believe that lutefisk was brought by their ancestors on the ships when they came to America, and that it was all they had to eat. Today, the fish is celebrated in ethnic and religious celebrations and is linked with memories of hardship and courage.

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In the past, preparation of the fish  consisted of soaking the dried fish in a mixture of birch ash, limestone, and water. This process changed the fishmeat, creating a light, easily

 digestible dish high in protein and low in fat. Lutefisk is a perfect food to be included in today's health-conscious diet. However, few can be convinced or eat it for that reason.The real reason is tradition.

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The history of lutefisk dates back to the Vikings. On one occasion, according to one legend, plundering Vikings burned down a fishing village, including the wooden racks with drying cod. The returning villagers poured water on the racks to put out the fire. Ashes covered the dried fish, and then it rained, burying the fish  in the ashes . Digging out the ash-covered fish, the villagers were surprised to see that the dried fish had changed to what looked like fresh fish. They rinsed the fish in water and boiled it.

. The story is that one particularly brave villager tasted the fish and declared it "not bad! While the fish itself , when served, has a “quiet, but distinctive” taste, additives become an important issue! The lutefisk dinner is an annual fall and winter tradition at scores of Lutheran churches and Nordic fraternal groups  throughout the Upper Midwest and Pacific Northwest or anywhere with a large Scandinavian-American population.

Our Vennskap lodge has held an annual dinner for the general public for  years, and you are invited!

A typical plate of  lutefisk.

 This will be our 18th Annual Dinner, held this year at Lakeland College, which is located near Plymouth and  Howards Grove, Wisconsin , Sunday, November 11th.. Lutefisk, meatballs, lefse, boiled potatoes, fruit soup,  rømmegrøt ( You’ll love that!) ....and Scandinavian delicacies by the tableful.

 Dinner is served at 2 PM with a full afternoon of festivities including doorprizes donated by 32 organizations. For a “No wait” service, we will have four self-serve food lines to help you carry your extra plates to the tables. Reserved tables are available. For information and tickets, contact Gary Henderson. Phone 1- (920) 467-6473 or  E-mail gwhenderson@charter.net   Information on location, time, menu and accommodations are available.

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Our members have been preparing the dining area and plans are set for another large crowd of happy diners. You are welcome to join us!

Leave room for the delicious Scandinavian pasteries!

The King Has Left The Area

A Minnesota school welcomed Swedish Royalty to their campus, last week.

Gustavus Adolphus College welcomed Their Majesties King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia of Sweden to their  campus  for a three day visit, Oct. 5-7, of on-campus festivities which included an anniversary, a dedication and attendance at a Nobel Conference. 

  The main event was in celebration of the 150th  anniversary of the founding of the College by Swedish immigrants in 1862. During the Swedish immigration to the United States in the 19th and early 20th centuries, about 1.3 million Swedes left Sweden for the United States with a major  contingent settling in the Minnesota area due, in part, to dissenting religious practitioners who widely resented the treatment they received from the Lutheran State Church in Sweden.  Gustavus is the oldest of several Lutheran colleges in Minnesota. It was founded as a  college of the Augustana Evangelical Lutheran Church, and  in 1962  became a college of the Lutheran Church in America, and is currently ranked among the best 100 national liberal arts colleges by U.S. News and World Report.Gustavus Adolphus College is a private liberal arts college affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America located in St. Peter, Minnesota.

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 A co-educational, four-year residential institution, Gustavus is a school firmly rooted in its Swedish and Lutheran heritage. Originally founded  as a Lutheran  parochial school  at Red Wing, Minn, it was known as the Minnesota Elementar Skola (elementary school in Swedish). In April 1873, it became Gustavus Adolphus, a Literary and Theological Institute named in honor of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.

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While on campus, the royal couple will take part in the dedication of  The Sesquicentennial Plaza, which  features a historic timeline of the College from its founding in 1862 to 2012.

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Closing  last  weeks events, distinguished scholars and researchers in the fields of biogeochemistry, oceanography, deep-sea biology, molecular  genetics, and  coral ecology traveled to Gustavus Adolphus College to take part in the 48th annual Nobel Conference, titled “Our Global Ocean.”

The meetings centered around the marine realm: what we know, what we don’t know, and how we humans rely upon healthy vibrant seas.The marine world provides us with seafood and medicines, fertilizers and petroleum.Today, we know less about our own oceans than we do about the surfaces of other planets in our solar system.For almost five decades, Gustavus has organized and hosted the two-day Nobel
 Conference, which draws about 6,000 people to the college campus in St. Peter, Minn. The conference links a general audience, including high school students and teachers, with the world’s foremost scholars and researchers in discussion centered on contemporary issues relating to the natural and social sciences

Alfred Nobel

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Gustavus remains a major Scandinavian institution in the area featuring  Nobel Laureates and other world-renowned scholars  who share their expertise with the general public.Other important events that bring the royal couple to Gustavus include the Nobel Conference. This annual event was established in the mid-1960s when college officials asked the Nobel Foundation for permission to name their new science building the Alfred Nobel Hall of Science as a memorial to the Swedish inventor, Alfred Nobel . Gustavus remains a major Scandinavian institution in the area featuring  Nobel Laureates and other world-renowned scholars.

King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia attended the Sunday service at the college Christ Chapel as 2,000 people lined the walkway to greet the royal couple. During the service, the king greeted the packed chapel's congregation, stating that he and the queen were proud of the accomplishments and goals of Gustavus Adolphus saying "We are proud of what you have done in the first one hundred fifty years, and we look forward to the coming years."

His Majesty, King Carl XVI  had earlier visited the area in 1976 , helping celebrate the U.S. Bicentennial, and both he and Queen Silvia visited Gustavus in 1982 and 1996.

A Mass Mystery

Thirteen hundred and fifty years ago, in AD 653,. four priests were sent from the kingdom of Northumbria, England to a small town named Repton. Their mission was to convert the Mercian royal family from their paganism so that a royal wedding could take place. Repton, became the first location  where Christianity was first preached in the English Midlands.

Christianity soon spread and, before long, a double abbey had been established. This church of St. Wystan  achieved the status of a royal shrine and its crypt  became used for  royal burials.  Wigstan, was a prince of Mercia who was murdered by his guardian in 849. His remains were buried in the crypt at Repton and miracles were ascribed to them.

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All was quiet and peaceful . However, the tranquility of the Abbey and its religious life was shattered in the winter of 873-4 when the marauding Viking armies, having sailed up the rivers Humber and Trent, decided to land their boats at  their location, having found its dry riverside suitable for making their winter encampment. Residents who came to greet them were greeted by warriors who showed no mercy as they killed all who dared to challenge them.

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 These pagan vikings had no use for the religious building except to incorporate it as a strongpoint in their defensive fortifications. From it,  they dug two deep ditches, both curving round until they enclosed a D-shaped area of some 3.5 acres between the abbey and the river. The Vikings enclosed their camp with a bank and ditch and incorporated the stone church into their defenses.

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 One side of this enclosure was defended by the river Trent, the other sides were defended by earthworks. The tower of the Anglo-Saxon church was used as a gatehouse.Outside of the encampment, to the west, the Vikings had desecrated another Anglo-Saxon mausoleum. They leveled the existing two roomed structure and buried an important warrior in the center of one of the rooms. They placed the bones of at least 250 individuals around this grave and covered it with a mound. The remains were apparently gathered from various graves and heaped in one location.

Bones in disarray

 There were no traces of battle wounds on many, and these people probably died of disease. The bones were collected from their original graves to make this great Viking burial. There are little, if no, grave arrangements except for that of a collection of warrior artifacts surrounding the remains of a long skeleton possibly surrounded by his needs in the next world. The remains of 250 fellow-warriors bones seem to have been of soldiers who had died during the campaign, apparently exhumed and piled in the chamber to lie with the body of their leader.

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 The cause of many of these events is, of course, due to the constant raiding and battles for kingdoms, and plunder,  but one in particular stands out in history. In Norse legend at this Viking-raids period, none was more famous than Norwegian "Ragnar Lodbrok", or “Hairy-Breeches”.   He turned his viking army against Northumbria, England . According to a Scandinavian story, during one of these raids,  he was captured by King Ella of Northumbria, and was thrown into a snake-pit to die. When this news was heard in the Scandinavian area, his four sons vowed to return the favor. Their vicious attack avenged the death of their father by destroying the Northumbria area, and killing the reigning king in a typically gruesome manner. One of these sons was known to be called “Ivar the Boneless”, possibly the brother of “Healfdeane”, one of the leaders of the Viking force at Repton in 873-4. Ivar was noted as a man of exceptional cruelty and ferocity, and his nickname may indicate that he lacked legs, or may simply mean that he was long-legged or tall. It is possible that "Ivan", the avenging son may be the tall Viking skeleton surrounded by his men
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Women had accompanied their men and settled in camp with their families. Many were killed in battle, while others may have died due to  diseases. In time, the raids discontinued and Vikings integrated with the local people of Ireland and England, resulting in the establishment of several English-Scandinavian  cities of Cork, Dublin, Limerick and Waterford

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Women may have accompanied male Vikings in those early invasions of England. Rather than being ravaging rovers, later Viking raiders may have been arriving as marriage-minded colonists. The church of St. Wystan lives on, while the skeletal remains in the area remain unidentified and a mystery.